Balancing Preservation and Progress: Why Universities Should Embrace Historic Landmark Designation
For universities, historic buildings are more than just architectural treasures; they are a tangible link to the past, embodying the institution's heritage, culture, and identity. Yet, many universities hesitate to pursue historic landmark designation for their older buildings, fearing that it might restrict future upgrades or adaptations. While these concerns are understandable, landmark designation can, in fact, bring significant benefits, from access to financial incentives to enhanced campus identity. With thoughtful planning, universities can navigate the challenges of designation while embracing the advantages.
Why Some Universities Resist Landmark Designation
It’s common for universities to worry about the potential limitations historic status may impose on their ability to update facilities to meet modern needs. Designated landmarks typically come with preservation requirements that aim to maintain the building’s original character, which can sometimes complicate renovations or additions. This apprehension can lead schools to opt out of designation to avoid additional regulatory hurdles or costs associated with maintaining a historically sensitive renovation process.
However, these concerns can often be alleviated with the right approach and expertise. For example, George Washington University faced a similar situation when renovating the historic Corcoran Gallery of Art for academic use. Working within the constraints of the landmark status, they developed creative, reversible solutions that allowed modern functionality without compromising historical integrity. This included creating detailed 3D models of the space to explore adaptive changes virtually before committing to them, showing that preservation and progress can go hand in hand.
The Many Benefits of Landmark Designation
While the designation process requires additional planning, the advantages can be substantial:
Enhanced Campus Identity and Brand Appeal
Historic landmarks add character and gravitas to a university campus, often becoming iconic features that attract prospective students, faculty, and visitors. Buildings that are visibly historic create a sense of place, tradition, and permanence, qualities that resonate with students and alumni alike. Schools like the University of Virginia have embraced their historic architecture as part of their brand, helping to distinguish the campus experience and foster a deep sense of belonging among students.
Access to Preservation Funding and Grants
Historic designation can open doors to grants and financial incentives designed specifically for preservation. Programs like the Getty Foundation’s Campus Heritage Initiative have provided funding to assist institutions in restoring and maintaining historic campus buildings, ensuring that these structures remain functional, safe, and integral to campus life. Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives, state grants, and foundation support are also available to institutions that pursue landmark designation, helping to offset restoration costs.
Sustainable Development and Environmental Stewardship
Long before the modern environmental movement of the 1960’s and present day, many buildings were designed with an emphasis on principals that are now considered sustainable best practices. The construction methods and technologies of the time inherently prioritized passive strategies such as natural ventilation, thermal mass for heating and cooling, and the use of durable, long-lasting materials. Rather than replacing these structures with new construction, rehabilitation and repurposing aligns with modern environmental goals by minimizing resource consumption and reducing environmental impacts. Though the challenge of improving efficiency of these structures can be daunting, and experienced team can capitalize on qualities to bring the facility up to current standards. Carl Elefante, FAIA, FAPT, Senior Research Associate at the University of Notre Dame’s School of Architecture, famously noted, “the greenest building is the one already built.” This philosophy underscores the strong connection between preservation and environmental stewardship – reducing waste, conserving embodied energy, and honoring the longevity of well-built architecture.
Navigating the Obstacles of Historic Designation
While the designation process brings numerous benefits, managing a historic property does require planning and a strategic approach. Here are several ways universities can navigate the unique challenges of maintaining and upgrading a historic campus landmark:
Develop a Comprehensive Preservation Plan
Before renovations begin, universities should create a long-term preservation plan that outlines how the historic building will evolve while honoring its original design. Involving preservation experts early can streamline the renovation process and clarify any design boundaries. Comprehensive planning can also help identify potential funding sources and set timelines that accommodate the needs of both preservation and functionality.
Engage with Preservation Authorities Early and Often
Landmark designation often requires collaboration with local or state preservation agencies, which oversee renovations to uphold the historic integrity within their communities. While this may seem restrictive, these relationships can offer valuable technical support, funding opportunities, and expertise. Establishing early communication helps set expectations, streamline approvals, and foster a collaboration. However, preservation authorities must also maintain some flexibility. A rigid approach can hinder necessary updates, such as improvements in energy efficiency, accessibility, and functionality. While historic character should be carefully respected, dismissing modernization efforts can deter owners from pursuing or maintaining landmark status. Effective preservation balances tradition with adaptability, ensuring buildings remain both functional and historically significant.
Utilize Modern Technology for Adaptive Reuse
As George Washington University demonstrated with the Corcoran Gallery, modern technology like 3D scanning and modeling can be invaluable when planning renovations for landmarked buildings. These tools allow architects and planners to visualize updates without compromising historical features, offering flexibility in how spaces are adapted for contemporary use. It is well known, in the building and construction industry, that historic renovation projects often come with a high rate of construction change orders - typically related to hidden elements or antiquated construction methods in the original build. Advancements in technology now allow architects and engineers to assess existing structures in innovative, non-destructive ways, significantly reducing unexpected costs and project delays.
Moving Forward with a Vision
Universities that embrace historic designation for their buildings not only preserve their heritage but also contribute to their future success. By fostering campus identity, leveraging funding opportunities, and embracing sustainability, historic buildings can serve as both academic and cultural assets. With proactive planning and expert support, institutions can bridge the past and future, transforming historic campus landmarks into vibrant, functional spaces for generations to come.
Incorporating historic preservation into a university’s broader mission can yield rewards beyond the balance sheet. It reflects a commitment to sustainability, a respect for history, and an investment in the campus experience that resonates with the values of today’s students and faculty.
A Valuable Partner in Campus Preservation
Buchart Horn Architects brings decades of experience in historic preservation, adaptive reuse, and campus planning. Our team understands how to balance character, compliance, and contemporary needs—helping universities turn treasured buildings into lasting assets. Contact us today to discuss how we can support your institution’s preservation goals.